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 |
|
 Bleeding is the
flow of blood from a blood vessel. Bleeding is distressing
and if severe, it could lead to shock. Loss of around
30 % of the adult patient's blood (around 1.5 liters)
could prove fatal. Hence it is important to halt bleeding
immediately.
The bleeding may be external as from a wound or open fracture.
This is obvious loss of blood. It may be internal as in
spleen rupture, intracranial collection. This is not seen
externally, but suspicion of such a bleed is very important.
In fact, if a person with injury has weak peripheral pulses,
an internal bleed should be immediately thought of.
The site of bleeding is also important. If it is arterial,
it is bright red in color and spurts. It also reveals
the pulsating flow. Venous flow is slow flowing and dark
red in color. The capillary bleeds are just oozes and
the flow is slow and even.
It is important for the rescuer to know that attempts
to halt the bleeding immediately are of utmost importance.
At the same time, wound, if present, should be handled
with clean hands to minimize the infection. When blood
loss continues, medical help is required.
General measures to be adopted
are
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Place the
patient in a comfortable position. Elevate the
leg |
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end in order
to increase the venous drainage to the heart.
This will help decrease the shock. |
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Wash hands
and wear disposable sterile gloves. Place sterile
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gauze, clean
cloth or pad over the wound and press firmly for
at least 10 minutes. Apply firm dressing over
the area. |
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If bleeding
continues, apply pressure on a main artery above |
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site of
bleeding with your fingertips. |
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Watch out
for shock. |
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Covering
him/her with blankets should decrease the patient's |
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body heat
loss. |
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Maintain
the airway patency. |
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Some doctors
advocate application of ice over the bleeding |
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wound. It
causes vasoconstriction and hence less bleeding.
But it also decreases the formation of the clot. |
Specific treatment:
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If the bleeding
is minor and external, rinse it under free |
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flowing
water. Apply pressure over the wound with sterile
gauze or pad. Put an adhesive antiseptic dressing.
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If there
is a major external bleeding, apply direct pressure
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with sterile
pads. If it is gaping, bring the two ends together
before application of pressure over the wound.
Remember to remove any foreign body. Immobilize
the part. Reassure the patient. Loosen the clothes.
Allow fresh air. Elevate the lower limbs and let
the head be on the lower side. Cover the patient
with warm blankets. If the bleeding continues,
give pressure at the pressure points. These points
are places where the artery comes in contact with
the underlying bone and hence the artery can be
compressed against it. A tourniquet may be used
to control severe bleeds from major arteries in
the limbs. |
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If the bleeding
is internal, keep the victim in a head low |
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position.
Reassure. Loosen the clothing. Warm blankets to
cover the victim. Immobilize the part and elevate
the limbs. Give cardio-respiratory resuscitation
if required. Transport to the hospital immediately.
DO NOT FEED THE PATIENT LEST ANESTHESIA IS NEEDED. |
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